11. The Turkic Khaganate
The Turkic Khaganate was a political entity established by the Ashina clan in medieval inner Asia, which eventually ruled massive territories in Central Asia, lasting from 682 until 744. Bumin Qaghan and his sons founded the first Turkic Khaganate which collapsed in 581. They were known to trade and collaborate with surrounding Empires in North China. The collapse led to multiple civil wars which separated the Khanate into Eastern and Western Göktürk, which were eventually taken over by the Tang Dynasty. The Khaganate also had tremendous influence on the Silk Road and the trading routes connecting to it.